Internal-combustion engine.



W. J. PERKINS.

INTERNAL ooMBUsTIoN ENGINE,

AYPLIATION FILED JUNE 25. 1909.

- 'Patented Feb. 7, 19,11.

983,307. Y 4 T-SHEET 1.

7117' *L ,M0/MM @61 W. J. PERKINS.

INTERNAL GOMBUS'IION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 111111125. 1909.

'Patented Feb. 7, 1911.

983,307. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

f I1 6 3 [E lo 7 l 0 /7 Y 4,/ /4 L /2- I l @3f/220 44 39' E 4SHEETS-SHEET 3.

P Illll x W. J. PERKINS. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION BNGlNB. APPLIOATION FILEDJUNI: 25, 1909.

Patent-,ed Feb.7,`1911.

w. J. PERKINS. INTERNAL GOMBUSTIQN ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 25.1909.

Patented Feb'. 7, 1911 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

nu". VIII/IIIA lll/IA 4 [lll/141111. I

WILLIS J. PERKINS, or GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

. lINTEENAI.-colitis-usar on ENGINE.

Specioation of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. '7, 1911.

. Application led June 25, 1909. lSerial No. 504,328.

To all whom it may concern: ,g

Beit known that I, WILLIS J. fulmine, a citizen of the United States,residing at Grand Rapids, Kent county, Michigan, have inventedoertainnew` land useful Improvel2'0 struction'of internal combustionments in -InteinalCombustion Engines, yof which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to improvements inl internal combustion engines.

It relates more particularly to improvements in such engines in Awhichkerosene, or otherl hydrocarbons of high specificgravity aremade use ofas the principal fuel.

The objects of the invention are: First,

to provide an internal combustion engine in` which liquid hydrocarbonfuel of different grades and specific gravity' may be readily utilized,andthe charge effectively ignited when prepared. Second, to provide aconengine in which different orades of liquid hydrocarbon fueland ofadifferent ,specific gravity may be conveniently utilized, a convenientmeans of shifting from fuel. of less to higher specific gravity beingprovided so that the fuels may bev used vinterchangeably for the purposeof a more effective Control of the engine and a more completeutilization of alow grade 'of liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a. fuel of highspecific gravity. l Third, to

provide an effective means of forming and convertirte suoli hydrocarboninto .a gaseous mixture for charging the engine. Fourtln to provide animproved means ofut'ilizing the heat of theexliaust for convertingT ortransforming the liquid kerosene, or other hydrocarbon of high specificg'ravity,-into a gaseous charge for the engine. Fifth, to provide aconstructionof converter which is i0 heated from the exhaust in whichthe'heat will be evenly distributed through the conv verter. Sixth, toprovide an accessible construction of converter for kerosener low gradeof oils,` or oils of high specific gra-vity, which is readily accessibleso that any deposits, suoli as awuinulations of paralni, tar, or anyother deposits or accumulations, may be readily removed. Seventh, toprovide in an engine of the class described an improved construction ofexhaust pipe, in

, which the longitudinal expansion is coinpensated for` thus avoidingany shearing.

' strain on the bolts which connect the branch ient. Eighth, toprovidean improved conto the engine cylinder and the tend-v einnv tothrow the cylinders-out- Of alinestruction and arrangement of carburetorlfor heating the air when taken into the saine. Ninth, to lprovide animproved means of securing an initial heating of the vaporizing means 1nan explosion engine using kerosene or oils of high specific gravity as afuel. Tenth, to provide an improved arrangement of sparking deviceincombination with the other parts of an i-nternal combustion engine ofthe class described.

Further objects, and objects relating to Structural details, willdefinitely appear from the detailed description to follow.

I accomplish the objects of my invention by. the devices and In'eansdescribed in theI following specification.

The structureV described constitutes etl'ective embodiments `of myinvention. Other embodiments would be readily devised by those skilledin the art.

The invention is clearlyV defined and pointed out in the claims.

A structure constituting an effective and preferred construction andembodiment of the features of my invention is clearly illus-v trated inthe accompanying drawing, forining a part of this specification, inwhich Figure 1 is a side view of a three-cylinder internal combustionengine, embodying my improvements in a simple forni. Fig. 2 isan'enlarged detail sectional elevation on line 2-2 of Fig. l, the bowlsof the .inixing chamber being shown in'full lines. Fig. 3 is a detail.plan view, partial-ly in section, through the converter means, taken ona line corresponding to line of Fig. l, showing the details of thepassages and the circulation of the heated products ol' coiubustion andthe exhaust through the converter, the position of the engine.cylindersbeing indicated by dotted lilies and the inix'er devices and bowls ofthe mixing chamber appearing .in full lines. Fig. 4t is a detailsectional elevation view, taken on a line correspondiiml to line 4-#1 ofFigs. 2 and 3, showingdetails of construction of the converter and thevaporizing chamber thereof. Fig. tional elevation view through theheating passage, of a modified forni of my improved converter adapted toaffour-cylinder engine 5 is a d et'ail longitudinal scein which theexhaust and intake. are all on the same side of the engine cylinders.Fig. .6 is a detail transverse sectional View, taken on line tl-6 ol:Fig. 5, showing details of construction, .the same bei-iig taken throughone of the branch exhaustfconnections 6. Fig. 7 is a 'detail transversesectional view, taken on a line 7-`7 of Fig. 5, through one of the inletports or passages 3. Fig. S .is a detail sectional viewthroughtheintalte and exhaust, taken on. aline 8-` of Fig. 6, showingthe separat-ing partition. Fig. 9 is a detail cross sectional view ofthe converter in a inoi'e elaborate forni in which the oil and vaporchainber are divided by a flue and 'provided with initial heating torchor means at the central portion. Fig. y10 is an enlarged detailsectional view, taken on a line corresponding to line 10-v-10 of Fig/s.1, 11 and 12, showing the feed controlling valve for the liquid fuelVrandthe air vpassaglge leading to the converter. Fig.

y11 is an enlarged'detail sectional elevation on line 11--11 of Figs. 2and. 10, showing details of the fuel valve nieans for the liquid fueland the pair of bowls for "the light and heavy hydrocarbons,respectively, or hydrocarbons of different consistency or fuel value.Fig. 12 isy an enlarged detail sectional viewon'line 12-,412 of Figs. l,2, 10 and 11,V showing details of the fuel vbowls and the passages ofthe three-way valve for controlling th'e supply of such fuel toy theyengine. liig. 13 is an enlarged detail sec o tional elevation throughthefuel control- 0 from the connection to the heavy lingvalve, taken ona line 13-13 offFig, 12, when the valve handle is adjusted to theshowing the priming concentral position, p nection open to the bowl forthe lighter of the enginecylinder froni the intake valves.'l`lie."pi'odiicts of combustion exhaast through the branch exhaustconnection G-rG-U into the exhaust pipe, 7, which delivers the sainearound the end of the engine through pipe S) to the opposite side intothe channel 10, thence into the passage 11in the removable en d capthrough the retui'n passage v'12 on the opposite sidev to the hollowexhaust cap 13.

'Between the passages 10 and 12 and surrounded by the saine is the oiland vapor chamber 14, which is heated by the cireulation of the exhaust,.and is provided with horizontal distributer baiiles 15, 16, which donot quite till the space. The baille `'1sprovided with vapertures 15, 15lat each end of the saine. The batlle'lt has sinaller apertures11321K,1G', 1G at intervals, the aggregate area of the four passages 16 and thetwo 15l being substantially e ual. By this. arra tributer batlies, theiniature is divided, wheii ngeinent of the dis-f it enters the heatingchamber, andv is passed -coinparatively large apertures which infuel. 1`ig.' 111 is an enlarged detail sectional' View on line 14.--1-1 ofFigs. 10 and 11, showing the adjustable stop means for automaticallyvarying the adjustment of the needleA valve when the fuel valve isshifted carbon bowl to the` lighter carbon bowl, and vice Vversa, thesnialler for the lighter fuel. Fig. 15 is an enlarged detail sectionalview on line 1li- 15 of Figs'. 2 and 10, she-ving thegovernor andthrottle valves. F ig. 1G is a detail sectionalxview on line,corresponding to line l 15, showing the ariaiigei'nentv of s aid valvesin the casing, the connections being shown in full lines.

In the drawing, erence refer. to 1 similar several views,and thesectional views are taken looking in `the direction of 'the littlearrows at the ends of .the section lines.

Referring tothe nuinei'als gli reference, the base 1 carries aAplurality` of there three)v engine cylinders L,-Q-,-Qf, ,arranged sideby side; rThe intakes S34-3&3 are at one side,.and the-inlet valvesfl-1t are located therein and are controlled by any suitable ineans, asra rod and earn 4 for each valve. The exhaust valves 5--5-5, alsocontrolled by any suitable ineans, as rod and cani `5 foreach valve, areen the opposite side aperture being required 16-16 of Fig.`

sliinilar niiineralsy of ref-4 'partsv throughout the y -bolts of theflanges on the sures the initial heating 'of` the inixture. 'It is thendistributed through succeeding dis-` tributing battle plates havingsinaller apertures at intervals thcrethri'aigh, ineans it will be notedthat the eharge'inust necessarilyl be distributed, evenly i'nixed, andin the saine volunie to each of the engine intakes, thus insuring .thesaaie opera.- tien of each engine cylinder, due to the fact that itscharge isl the saine in volunie and in quality of1nixture, and is heatedto the saine extent when it is introduced into the cylinder. vOnftheoutside of this heating device is the niixing device 17 of any desir dconstruction, which is provided with intake passageslh having inouths19-19 for receivingated side of the converter casing. The carbureter ormixer 17 delivers through the passage 2O into the bottoni of verter. y

rrllhe' exhaust pipe '7 is provided with an irregular forn'iatiou of itsiva-ll, which, in' longitudinal'sectioin is preferably somewhat like adouble O. Gr. molding which permits` theyenpansion and contraction ofthe metal of said exhaust pipe without injury to its connections becausethe said part is offset. r `he give ofthe-metal inthe irregular Wallpermits-the inetalto expand Without injury to the connections.proi1ounced,due to the intense heat of the exhaust. Untilthis means' wasprovided, the device I would constantly shear ofi the branch exhaust, onthe larger sizes. On small engines, up to 5in?, it-inay be dispensedwith tu is oft ad vantage'even then. This exhaust iipe i' tir-f' and bythis r y y A. air to circulate it in close contact with the he thel oilV'and vapor chan'iber 14 of the con- This expansion is very comes highlyheated, and Ilusually protect i it by a guard or casing 7i. From thisdescription, it will be, found' that the heated products 4from theexhaust pass through thev passage 10, thence aroundthe end of thevaporizing chamber Iat llland back on the opposite side at 12.`

It will be noted that the entire. products .of the exhaust are collectedand passed through the pipe 9 so that the same will be evenly heated orall heated to the same extent at that time, As the exhaust circulatesthrough the converter, it, of course, immediately begins to give up itsheat on account Vof contact with Athe walls of the 'colder'fuel chamberwithin and, the atmosphere on the outside. As the intake from thischamber is located successively at the points 3f-8 3, it Willbe seenthat the heated prodmg around at the end at 11 and passing back throughthe -return 12 the heat becomes less and less as it advances.

Referring ,to Figs. 3 and 4,it will be clear that the exhaust productsare hottest at the lefthand end of the passage' 10 and that they give uptheir heat gradually as: they pass towardthe righthand end of Fig.` 3.and still continue to giveup their'heat gradually as the circulatirncontinues toward the left in the return passage 12. Itwill thus be seenthat the highest and lowest temperature in this exhaust passage will beopposite the first intake 3. The next to the highest and the next to thelowest will be oppositelth second, and thel third highest and the thirfrom the lowest will be opposite the third,

and that, consefplently, considering the heat delivered to bo i sides ofthe oil and vapor chamber, the same will be heated equally opposite eachintake to the engine; so that, for example, if the temperature of theexhausted gases is 600, 500?, 400, 3000,20()o and 1000, successively,-tas it passes the intakes, it will be seen that the average temperaturetrom the heat on bothesidesof the oil chamberll willrbeihe same, namely,0004-100, 500-l-200, 40044300, or an average of 700o at each intake.This secures the best results,

and deli-vers the charge to the 'engine at its very best and atsubstantially the same temperature at all inta-kes. lft will be observedthat this is accomplished by avery simple and effective means.

ln taking the air into the'V carbureter in through the mouths 19, it. isdrawn intol close contact with the outer wall of the converter throughits entire length which is consequently'cooled t'o aboutthe same ex*tent. The hot air passing into the mixer 17 which serves to vaporizc andbreak up the kerosene, owing to the fact that 1t 1s thuss'trongly heatedand the kerosene is carried 1n a spray or atomized form lnto the chamber14 where it.' is completely converted into v a 'gaseou's mixture andpassed on to the en- 'gine cylinder. Eaclf'charg'e at each intake 1sheated s to substantially the same extent,

owing to the circulation of the exhaust; and

the mixture is the same,

because the delivery of the fuel, owmg to the mixing batlles,

vwhich are in the said chamber 14, is' fully distributed and mixed.

In the modification 'of the converter appearing in Fig 5, the entirevaporizing means and exhaust are formed and arranged all on the sameside of the battery of engine cylinders. The passage 7', correspondingto the passage 7, is formed along one side of the vaporizing chamber 14and is re-curved at -10 corresponding to the passage 10,

which passes around the opposite side of the chamber- 11', correspondingto the return l1, and thence along the opposite side' of the vaporizingchamber 14 at 12.', corresponding to the passage 12. The carbureter .'17.with its intake 18 and its passageQO to the vaporizing chamber 14 arethe same as in the more simple form. These parts all delinitely appearin Figs. 5,6 and 7. Owing tothe cool chamber 14 at the center it is notnecessary here-to provide for expansion.l

Fig. 9 shows a substantially vdouble construction, as will be readilyunderstood from looking at the'same. A".An upward vturned flue'orpassage 24 divides the oil chambers 14 into two parts, delivering to thesame intake parts above. ./A jet or burner 23, or series of-burnersorftorches, `is beneath' the same, where gas or hydrocarbon or kerosenecan be lightedr to give the vaporizing apparatus an initial' heating.This is embraced in' a case 21, which is" hinged at 22. A lid 25 permitsthe flue 24 tol be opened so that t-he heat readilypasses up through thesamewhen the burners are lighted. In this view, a primer 26, controlledby the valve 2,7, isI

provided `for introducing gasolene or a volatile hydrocarbon, 'for glvmgthe englne its initial. impulse, so that the exhaust will heat thedevice so that the kerosene can then be used. Kerosenaor4 other fuelf'ofhigh vspecific gravity can be so introduced and heated by the burner ortorch.'

I have Jfound that the best results are secured in igniting the chargein an` engine embodying my apparatus byfplacing the sparking plug 28 vinthe intake passage 1nside theV inlet valve. With the -engine 'usingliquid hydrocarbons of high specific gravity, which-have been heated inthe converter, the temperature of the charge will be highest at thispoint, so that the spark-will be most effective. The blast ot the chargecarries all impurities and deposits' ot' carbon and the like away,leaving theV ignition points clear. The inrushing charge is; ot' course,of much tiud. tmf-'ther that the -spar'lt is 'low specilie Igravitv.-gasolene,

i liquid hydrocarbon t'ucl. rThe.

-a small qu lower temperature than the engineer the ignited charge atthe time ot the explosion. l inost. ellective the mixture or charge hasnot beenieontaminatml byany ot' thel residue lett in lhe enginecylinder, so that, when the charge otl the engine isignited at thispoint, it ismost elleetire. in .tiringY the entire charge. l

lt will be seen trom this description that at this point, because nl Vimproved 'converter and earhureter or mixing device can be greatlyn'ioditied without departing` [trom my invention. lty can be veryvsimple, as in Fig. l, or it can be much elaborated. i

lonsidering now the mixing devicesI for mixing the liquid hydr( arbont'iucl with.

ai -:"lhe intake pipe 2l) is provided with an ustable spring-pressedcheck valve 30, which regulates the amount. .of air which euters. Thepassage 2() 'trom the mixing' devices to the converter is' controlled bya tln'ottlevalve 31, and is also controlled'hy the ,governor valve 32..These arel both placed in the same casing 32S, the throttle. valve'lbeing controlled by any suitable connection, y as` rod 34, and the`governor valve 32 beingr controlled by a suitable connection` as 35, tothc zgovernor.

A pair of bowls Il, -T is provided tor the the lighter h vdrocarlmn,

tor instanee,--and the bowl B7 is tor the heavier hydrocarlmn, orhydrm-.arbon o't high spe;- eilic gravity,--l erosene,-tor lti and 5STare provided tor they respective. bowls, and each is provided with anovertlo v ilo and El?" tor cari. \'inl awa) the surplus andnriintainingr the level in the said bowls or `t'eed cups. These bowls or`feed cups are volt'cd together by a volte `Ilo in which are passagesylOan'd 41, which are controlled by a three-way valve C-lfl, passagestZ4and 43, which register with the passages It() and 4,1 connecting! eitherot the bowls to .the mixing devices, central passage 4G, zle '18, Thisvalve stem ill) is controlled by a handle lll, which is provided .withstopsA 45, extending to each side, and contacting;`

i'n'cterably with pipe.` 'lt. aud .537 as being' the most convenientstops tor the purpose. Special stops could, of course, be provided. 'lhcthreeovay valve -lll is tapered and is held into its seat by a springlil.' resting' against the colla-r of the handle -l'l-. Aside tronithe!three-way control in this valve, there is a priming` passage '17,which permitsI antity ot the `a'asolene. or lighter hydrorarlmn. as theease. maiY be. to enter the niixinu"chamber when the handle -l 'l is inthe central position. 'l`he liydrmarlmu pass s up through the short tube/tT which is ,Le cured to the valve 21S), so that a considera bowl ltlis tor or hydrmtarbon ot'r instance.. inlets containing"V through the`terminating` in the noy.- l

ble.

ie hydrocarbon will be held in vquant-ity of tl t the chamber, orpassagethe bottom o *way 20. l

it. will be readily understood that the consistency of the light andheavy hydrocarbon tuel is very ditt'erent, theI light being Very tluidand passing through a small aperture very readily, while the heavierfluid is much more viscid and llows unich less readily. 'l`lu\relore, todeliver even the same amount 'ol t'uel. tor instance, it will be.necessary to var v the. sizes ot the inlet passage. To ac* eomplish thedelivery ol the right,I amount ot'- 4each kind of l'uel automatically, aneedle'i valve 4S) is located inside. of the, valve 2li), which valve3l) terniimites in a nozzle, eX ,tending up into ythe air passage way20. This needle val've t9 is provided with a stuthrngr box 5t) at, itslower end, i'aurroumlingr thc same, so that it will be suitably packedto avoid any leakage of tucl by the needle valve.

()n the lower end -ot the needle valve 4l) is provided a stop arm 51,which is retained :aljnstably in position by the setfsercw 52, and Iisprovided with latei'ally-extemling tintfers 5l. 51, at each side. 'Ihesetingers con- .tact with stop .screws 52S, 5?, which are earried on ayoke or support. 53. which cou-ples the vertical supply Vpipe 3G, 37"together. 'l`he needle valve lt.) is screw-threaded and tits snugly intoits seat in the. three-vay valve 2li), so that. it turns` underfriction. It will be. seen that when thisstop arm 51 is set at therigrht positionand the lever or handle it Ais moved toward the side ofthe lighter tuel` viv... towardl the bowl lt, the `arm al will contactwith the stop-screw 53 on that side. and. as the. motion ot the handleis continued. the needle valve 49 will be advanced closer to the seat inthe nozzle 48 and the passage Ytor gasolene, or thelighter hydroearlam.whatever it `may be, is thus restricted. lVheu thehandle is thrown inthe oppositeposition. the stop linger 5l on the opposite side hits the.correspondingstop 53- and opens the needle valve to the right point torthe passage stop 5? and opens the needle valve to the right. point forthe passage o the kerosene or heavier hydrocarbon fuel, which isdelivered 'trom the bowl 37 -at the said side. rl`he stop, of course, isset'. for the right` position to Iive a proper opening and .propervariation tor theI ditterentl Weights 0f luel. l

The valve t9 will first Irequire. adjusting bet'ore the stop arnrisfixed; and, where there is a wide difference in the consistency o'll thelight` and heavy fuels used, a different. stop quired to permit `greatermovement of the needle valve in order tol fully compensate I'or suchditl'erenee. Where l have said light hydrotaxrlml-i.l mean a hydrocarbonot low specific gravity, and where I have said a klio heavy hydrocarbonl mean a hydrocarbon of high specific gravity.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new'and desire tosecure by Letters latent is:

1. The combination with an explosion engine having a plurality "ofengine cylinders, 'of an exhaust pipe arranged toene side of the sameand connected by suitable branches to the exhaust ports of saidengine-cylinder, said exhaust pipe containing a curve -in its wall; aconverter containing a passage for receiving the heated products ofvcombustion; a heating 'chamber within the converter embraced by the saidexhaust passage so that it will receive heat from its l opposite sides;outletsV from the said heating chamber at intervals connected to theintake of said'enginefcylinders whereby the heat of the lexhaust will beevenly distributed to said heating chamber; distributer battles in the'said heating chamber; a mixing dey'ice with air inletpassagesincontactwith said converter, for delivering the mixed' air and fuel tothe said converter where it can be lthoroughly mixed and convertedbefore assing to the engine. cylinder; a plurality of bowls withconnections for imxintaming a supply of hydrocarbon fuel', one for alight and A one for a heavy grade; a three-way coclcfor Aconnectingeither of said bowls to the mixing dev ice, the passage in saidthree-way cock terminating :jin a nozzle in the said mixing device; 'aneedle valve for regulating the said nozzle;fa stop arm on the. saidneedle valve positioned to contact toward the limit 'of its strokeilreither direction for control-'i lingr the saiid needle valve. and refifulatiugir the delivery nozzle; and a sparking device arranged tolignite the charge in said engine at theintake, 'all enactingsubstantially as described and for the -pi'ufpose specified.`

2. The combination with an explosion engine having a plurality of enginecylinders, of an exhaust pipe arranged to one side of' the same andconnected by suitable branches to the exhaust ports ofsaid enginecylinder, esaid exhaust pipe Vcontaining a curve in its wall; aconverter containing a passage for receiving the heated productsfjcombustion; a heating-'chamber within the converter embraced-by thesaid exhaust passage so that it will receiveheat from its o posit-esides; outlets from the said heating vclga'mber:atintervals connected tothe .intake of sa-id engine cylinders whereby the heat.0ff'thexhaustwill be evenly distributed to 1 sa' eating chamber;distributen batlles y in.

Y' n u, u I i n 01th heating-chamber; a mixmg devlce w1th`a1r inletpassages in contact -wlth said y converter, for delivering'the mixed airand fuel tothe said converter Where it 'can be l thoroughly mixed andconverted )before 55 assing to the engine cylinder; a'pluralityof lowlsVwith connections for maln'taining a pose specified..

supply of hydrocarbon fuel, one tor a light and one for a heavy grade;a. three-way cock for connecting either of said bowls to the mixingdevice, the passage in said thrice'- way cock terminating in a nozzleinthe said mixing device; a needle valve. for regulating the saidnozzle; and a stop arm on the,

said needle valve positioned to contact toward the limit ot its'strokein either direction for controlling the said needle valve and'reo'ulating 'the delivery nozzle, all coacting substantially asdescribed and for the pur- 3. The combination Iwith an explosin enginelhaving a plurality of engine cylinders, of an'exhaust pipearran 'ed toone side. of the same and connecter. b v suitable branches to theexhaust ports of said enginel cylinder, said exhaust pipe containing acurve inits Wall; a converter containing a passage for receiving theheated productsof combustion; a heating chamber within the converterembraced by the said exhaust passage so that it will receive' heat fromits opposite sides; outlets from the said hcating chamber at intervalsconnected to"theintake of said engine cgi-'linders wlu'1eb \v"the heatof the exhaust will be/evenly dis-'tributed to said heating chamber;distributor batlles in the said heating chamber; a mixing device withair inlet passages in contactwith said converter, for delivering themixed air and fuel to the said converter where. it can be thoroughlymixed and converted before passing to the engine cylinder; and a.sparking device arranged to ignite the charge in .said engine at theintake, all coact-ing substantially as described and tor the purpose.specific( A 4. The combination with au explosion engine, having aplurality ot' engine cylinders, of an exhaust pi pc a-rrangl-:d to oneside. of the same and connected by suitable branches yto the exhaustports of said engine' cylinder, said exhaust pipe containing a curve inits wall; a converter containing a passage for receiving the heatedproducts of combustion; a heating chamber within the converter embracedby the said exhaust passage so`thatit will receive heat from itsopposite sides; outlets from the said heating chamber at' intervalsconnected to the intake of said engine cylinders whereby the heat oftheexhaust will be evenly distributed to saidhe'ating chamber;distributer battles in the'saidlheatin'g chamber; a mixing device withair inlet passages in 'contact with'V said converter, z fordeliveringthe mixed air and fuel tothe''saidfeonyerter where it can;

be thoroughly ,mixed-and converted, before passing to theenginecylinder, all enacting substantially as described'and ,for thepurpose specified.' A

5. In an internal combustion engine, the'- combination of an exhaust.passagel from saideiigineyla' chamber surrounded by the said exhaustpassage'of said engine; a mixing device connected tojsaid chamber, and

. the said 'eliainbr being'connectedtto the iiidelivering hydrocarbonsoi diiie'r'entweight to the. said .mixing chamber; Aa three-way cock forconnecting the said bowls.; a needle valve .for controlling thelisch'arge outlets from said ,threelvvay'coclt to thesaid mixing device;astop arm o'ii said needle valve cop'- tacting with suitable stops to'automatieal regulate the size of the aperture for-thesaid fuels; asparking device in the intake of said engine, all coaetin'gsubstantially as described aiid l forthe ipu'rposespecified.

6. In an internal combustion engine; the-1 combination of ancxhaust'pass'age romsaid engine; a chamber'surrounded.bythe said exhaustpassage of said engine; a mixingdevice connected 'tosaid chamber andthe4 Isaid chamber beingconneeted'to the intake.

`of said engine;.,apairlo'f feed bpwls'for' delivering hydrocarbonsoflitlierent weights to the said mixing clia'mb'ei'; a .three-way cockfor connecting the said bowls; a needle valve-for `controlling the'discharge outlets from said threefivaycoek to the said mixing device;'a stop. arm on said needle valve co'ntacting with suitable stops toautomatically. regulate' the size4 of the aperture lfor the said fugels,all eoacting substantiallyas described` 'and for the piirposespecied.

7. In-an' internal 'teoiiibiistion engine, the

n' .l combination,withthev charge mixing and convertingldevicc;. ta'pair' yof bow'. 1*., one

for 'light andthe inheritor-'heavyjhydroearlbon fuels; a threewayeoeltb'etween the same; a needle. valve for controlling the out-l letfrom said three-way cock; a stop 'arm "on 4the said-needle valvearranged vto vcontact with siiitable'stops .to regulate the said .nee-

dle valve; `and ,a suitable'sparlting device in.

the intalce etsaid:engine, enacting for the purpose spleeitied.

8. In :1ninternal combustion engine, the combination. with the chargeVmixing and converting device; ot a pair ot bowls, one for light and4the -ot.l.i e r i"or heavy hydrocarbon `fuels; a three-wi` I .needleYalve'for controlling*the outlet from,

' cock between'tlie'saine; a.

said three-way coclC;'a.nd astop arm on theJ said needle valve arrangedto vcontact with suitable stops to regulatey the said needle valve,coactingtor the purpose specifiedt 9. The combination with aninternalcombastion engine ha'viiigLa plurality of engine;

cylinders, .ot a converter,Y containing a passage t'or receiving theheated products ofeonibustion; a return `passage suitably connected to'said passage; a heating chamber within the converter embraced by thesaid exhaust passage so that. it will receive heat from its oppositesides; outlets from the said heating chamber at intervals connected to-the intake of said engine cylinders .whereby thedicat of theexhaustwill be evenlydis- 'tributed tosaid heating chamber; and av4.mixing.device for delivering the mixed fuel Aand air to the saidconverter where it. can be :thoroughly niix'ed and converted beforepassing tothe engine cylinder; all coacting substantiallyjas describedand 4for the purpose specified.

1.0. 'The combination. with an internal combustion; .engine having aplurality of cylinders; an exhaust pipe arranged at one side offtheSame; a converter with a4 'assage arranged tosreceiv'e *the heated pronets combustion from said' exhaust; a -hcating chamber embraced by saidexhaust passage .so-.that itavillbe surrounded 'thereby and re'- eeiveheat from,r allfs'ides thereof'by the said.. heated products1 Apassingaround the said heating., chamber bya'circuitous route entirelyembracing the saine; a mixing dev-ice connected --to deliver; fuelintoithel Vheating 'chamber of said converter, and separateconnectionpassageslfromthe heating chamber of the converter to 'the .intakes o'feach'engine cylinder, all enacting substantially as described andvforthe purpose specified.

1.1. rl`he combination of an internal comlnistion engine having aplurality' of engine cylinders, ot an exhal'ist pipefor said enginecylinders, which exhaust pipe has a curved .off-set formation in itswalls to compensate for expansion; a plurality of flangedbranch exhaustsleading to Said exhaust pipe cenmeeting said. exhaust pipe at differentpoints of itslength. toeach of said engine cylin yders; a .converterconnected to said exhaust pipe; a heatingeharnbcr v*within the saidconverter heated by the products of combustion; and means -fordelivering a mixture of air-and oil to the heating chamber of saidconverter, coacting for the mirpose specified.

i2: The combination of an internal combustionengine having. a pluralityof engine cylinders; of :in .exhaust pipe for said engine cylinders;which exhaust pipe has a curved .ott-setformatmn in its walls; aplurality of and return passage for receiving the heated' products ofeoml'mstien trointhe exhaust of said engine; anda detachable cap at.each end ot said converter whereby the pas sages can be opened straightthrough. from end to end for cleaning, as specified.

'14. ln an internal combustion engine, the, con'ibination ot a converterhaving a pasf sage for the exhaustfrom the engine and a suitable heatingchamber; a mixing desof vice connected to the said heating chamberto'deliver mixed fuel and air thereto; and an in let passage to themixing chamber in l contact with the exterior wall of said conexhaust ofsaid-engine; a mixing device connected to the said heating chamber todeliver mixed fuel and 'air thereto; and an inlet passage to theca-rbureter in contact with the exterior wall of said converter,

' evenly distributed.':

whereby the air entering the carbureter will be heated, as specified.

16. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a converter; a carbureter; and an inlet passage to thecarbureter in c'ontact with the exterior wall of said 'con-A verter,whereby the 'air entering the carburetr will be heated, as specified.

17. In an internal combustion'ngine, a plurality 'of engine cylinders; aconverter having a passage for the exhaust from the engine and a heatingchamber' 'within the saine provided with a Series of horizontaldistributer baffles having apertures therethrough, the iirst of saidplates .having large apertures toward each end and the succeeding plateshaving .a larger number of smaller apertures; means for delivering airandy fuel into the said heating chamber against the central part ofsaid'rstbaffle, whereby the saine will become thoroughly agitatedandinixed;, anda series of intakes connected to draw from the chamberbeyond said battles whereby the charger is l18. In an internalcombustion engine, a plurality of engine cylinders; a converter having apassage for the exhaust from the eiigine'aiid a heating chamber withinthe same provided with a series of distributer liatlles having aperturestherethrough, the first of said plates having large apertures towai'dcach end and the succeeding plates having Ia larger number of smallerapertures; meansl for delivei'iiig air and fuel iiilvothe said heatingchamber against the central paint of said first ballie, whereby the samewill become thoroughly agitated and mixed; and a series of intakesconnected todraw` from the chamber beyond said `bafiies whereby thecharge is evenly distributed.. Y

19. The combination with an .internal combustion engine having aplurality of cylinders, of a converter therefor; a passage and a returnpassage in the Asaid coni verter connected `to receive the exhaust fromthe engine; a,lieating chamber between the said passages divided byhorizontal partiing whereby the circulation of the Qexhaust through theconverter evenly 'distributes the heat to the contents of the' heatingchamber opposite the said intake, coacting for the purpose specified.

20. In an'internal combustion engine, the combination of a converter forgasifying liquid hydrocarbon; a mixing device o the spra variety; a airof bowls arranged as auxi iary reservoirs in proximit to said mixingdevice and converterto dielivenh vdrocarbon of different weights upwardy into said mixer; a three-way cock for connecting either ofthe'saidbowls to the said mixinv device; means connected to said cock faorautomatically regulating; the flow of fuel `thcrethroiigh when the cockis operated; and connections tch-the intake of ,said engine whereby thesuction acts on the fuel supply 1n said auxiliary reservoirs.

21. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a converter `for gasifying liquid hydrocarbon; a mixingdevice o the f .sp1/a variety; a pair of bowls arranged as auxi iaryreservoirs in proximity to said mixing device and converter .to deliver-hy-y drocarbon of different weights upwardly intov said mixer; meansfor connecting either 'ofsaid bowls to the mixing device; automaticregulating meanscoperating with said connecting means; and connectionsto the intake of said engine whereby thesuction acts ou'i the fuelsupply. C

22. The" coiiibiiiation with an' internal coinl'mstiorl engine, of aconvorter'coiii'i'ected to the inffake thereof; a mixing device for'deliveringj mixed air and fuel to the Said converter; and means ofheating said-converter for its 'initial start'consisting of a y fluetherethrough and embraced by thesaid converter whereby the converter andthe 4contlents' are fully heated with burners beneat i. A

l In witness whereof, I 'have hereunto set my hand and seal in thepresence of two witnesses.`

WILLIS J. PERKINS. ['L. 5.]

- Witnesses:

PETER TAYLoR, Pn'raii HoNN. I

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